坛紫菜耐高温品系的选育与海区中试

利用人工诱变和体细胞再生技术,选育出可在30℃下生长的坛紫菜耐高温品(Q-1),实验结果表明:(1)在高温(28℃和30℃)下培养15d,Q-1品系的壳孢子成活率分别为76.8%和60.1%,分裂率分别为100%和83%;而对照组野生型(WT)品系的壳孢子成活率分别为15.9%和6.7%,分裂率分别为90.4%和63.8%。Q-1品系的壳孢子成活率和分裂率均远高于WT品系。(2)在常温(24℃)下培养35d的Q-1和WT品系壳孢子苗,在24℃、28℃和30℃组中再分别培养25d,Q-1品系的苗平均体长分别增加了19.4、10.8和2.8倍,而WT品系的苗平均体长分别只增加了7.3、1.7和0.9倍;Q-1品系的苗平均体长分别为WT品系的2.5、5.8和1.9倍。另外,在28℃和30℃中培养15d的WT品系幼苗发生了大面积腐烂;而Q-1品系幼苗没有出现任何烂苗迹象,表现出较好的生长。Q-1品系在海区中试中也表现出很好的耐高温特性。2008年秋季,坛紫菜采苗后遇到了长时间的高温天气,当地传统养殖的坛紫菜野生种发生了大规模腐烂与脱苗,产量大幅度减少;而Q-1品系的苗仍然维持良好的生长势头,没有出现烂苗,取得了高产。由此证实,Q-1品系是既能较快生长又耐高温的品系,有很大的生产应用价值。     

Observations of flow patterns in a model of a marine fish larvae rearing tank

There are few studies on flow fields generated by aerators in fish larvae rearing tanks. The flow varies with aeration rates and tank proportions resulting in different larvae survival rates. The effects of aeration rate and aspect ratio AR (the ratio of liquid depth to tank radius) on overall flow patterns were investigated experimentally using flow visualization techniques. Two distinct types of flow patterns, a single-pair vortex system and a two-pair vortex system, were observed as the value of tank aspect ratio varied from about 1.0 to 2.0. In addition, corner vortex structures were observed in both the region between the free surface and the upper sidewall, and between the bottom wall and the lower sidewall of the tank. On the sidewall, reattachment and separation points were found, which were closely related with these vortex structures.     

网络环境下图书馆信息服务工作内涵的转变

从＂用户为中心＂的服务理念、＂面向用户问题＂的服务模式、服务方式趋向个性化、服务内容知识化、服务人员角色以及用户信息行为的变化等几方面对网络环境下信息服务工作内涵的转变进行了阐述,为图书馆转变观念,努力满足用户需求,进一步开拓和创新信息服务工作提供借鉴和指导。     

我国畜禽粪便处理利用现状及展望

随着农业结构调整和农业产业化的推进,以及规模化、集约化畜禽养殖业的迅猛发展,其规模由小到大,范围由点到面,但由于畜禽养殖业管理薄弱和农业与养殖业脱节,致使大量畜禽粪便与污染物随意排放和流失,破坏了生态环境.为此,介绍了畜禽粪便的处理方法和资源化技术,并根据我国现状提出了畜禽粪便处理利用的发展方向.     

浙江杭州地区蝶类资源及区系分析

杭州地区有蝶类113种,隶属于12科76属。其中古北东洋共有种48种,东洋种42种,古北种17种,广布种5种。区系分析结果表明,杭州地区蝴类以古北东洋共有种和东洋种为主要成份,属东洋区系范畴,并具有由东洋区向古北区过渡的特征。与江、浙其他地区的蝶类资源进行相似度分析,杭州地区与宁波地区的蝶类资源相似度最高。     

大棚草莓斜纹夜蛾的空间分布型

斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)是大棚草莓生长初期的重要害虫。为明确斜纹夜蛾在草莓上的时空动态,连片调查了草莓上低龄幼虫数、中高龄幼虫数、受害叶片数以及叶片受害率,利用聚集度指标法、Taylor幂法则和IwaoM-m的回归法进行分析。结果表明低龄幼虫呈明显的聚集分布,中高龄幼虫则呈随机分布或均匀分布,受害叶片和受害率呈明显的聚集分布;通过聚集均数(λ)判断低龄幼虫高密度时λ>2,聚集由于成虫产卵块、初孵幼虫成聚集危害引起;低龄幼虫低密度时λ<2,聚集由植株间距等影响初孵幼虫的扩散因子引起;中高龄幼虫呈随机分布的田块的λ<2。*     

Binding of phenthoate to bovine serum albumin and reduced inhibition on acetylcholinesterase

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are of environmental significance due to their high toxicity to animals. Binding to plasma proteins may effective influence the toxicological properties of xenobiotics. In an attempt to evaluate the affinity of phenthoate (PTA) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and inhibitory ability of bound PTA to acetylcholinesterase (AChE), we investigated the interactions between phenthoate (PTA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using tryptophan fluorescence quenching and subsequent inhibition on AChE activity by PTA. The results showed that PTA caused the fluorescence quenching of BSA because of the formation of a PTA-BSA complex. Quenching constants (K_sv), determined using the Sterns-Volmer equation to provide a measure of the binding affinity between PTA and BSA at 303, 306, 310 and 313 K were (3.4295 ± 0.0763) × 10⁻⁴, (3.2446 ± 0.0635) × 10⁻⁴, (3.0434 ± 0.0856) × 10⁻⁴ and (2.8262 ± 0.0569) × 10⁻⁴ M⁻¹, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH and ΔS were −25.04 kJ mol⁻¹ and 168.94 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively, which indicated that the electrostatic interactions played a major role in PTA-BSA association. The presence of BSA consistently reduced the inhibitory ability of PTA on AChE, with the relative activity being increased from 46.98 to 61.71% for the concentration range of BSA between 0 and 4.0 g L⁻¹.     

mLIF、bFGF和SCF对鸡精原干细胞体外增殖的影响

采用MTT法分别检测mLIF、bFGF和SCF 3种细胞因子在单独添加和联合使用时对体外培养条件下的SSCs增殖的影响。结果表明:①3种细胞因子分别单独添加时,各实验组增殖效应与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05);②3种因子联合使用时,低剂量组合共同促进SSCs的增殖,高剂量组合则抑制SSCs的增殖;③SCF、bFGF和mLIF的适宜剂量分别为10～20、10～20和10～15 ng/mL。     

用放射免疫法检测家蚕雌蛾体中雌二醇的含量

为了便于对大量家蚕雌蛾粉及其制品样本中雌二醇的含量进行快速测定,研究了家蚕雌蛾体中雌二醇含量的测定方法。以0.1 mol/L HCl为处理液,乙醚为提取溶剂,振荡重复抽提3次,可有效地提取家蚕雌蛾体中雌二醇。以90 g/L牛血清白蛋白Tris缓冲液为测定溶剂,采用均相竟争的放射免疫法,可精确、稳定地测定出家蚕雌蛾体中雌二醇含量。     

Simulated rain addition modifies diurnal patterns and temperature sensitivities of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration in an arid desert ecosystem

The timing and magnitude of rainfall events in arid and semiarid regions are expected to change dramatically in future decades, which will likely greatly affect regional carbon cycles. To understand how increases in rainfall affect the diurnal patterns and temperature sensitivities (Q₁₀) of soil respiration (R_S) and its key components (i.e. heterotrophic respiration (R_H) and autotrophic respiration (R_A)), we conducted a manipulative field experiment in a desert ecosystem of Northwest China. We simulated five different scenarios of future rain regimes (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% increase over local annual mean precipitation) each month from May to September in 2009. We measured R_S and R_H every three hours on 6 and 16 days after the rain addition, and estimated R_A by calculating the difference between R_S and R_H. We found that rain addition significantly increased the daily mean R_S and its components on the two measurement days during the growing season. However, the diurnal pattern was different between the two respiration components. Rain addition significantly increased the daily Q₁₀ value of R_H but suppressed that of R_A on Day 6. Rain addition had no influence on daily Q₁₀ value of both respiration components on Day 16 when soil moisture was lower. In addition, we observed significantly higher daily Q₁₀ of R_H than R_A under all five rain addition treatments, indicating that microbial respiration is more temperature sensitive than root respiration in a short-time scale in this desert ecosystem. Thus, partitioning soil respiration into its two components, and analyzing the differential responses of R_H and R_A to future climate changes should be considered for more accurate predictions of soil respiration and regional carbon cycle in these arid and semiarid regions.